A Semi-Centennial History of West Virginia

 

Founding of West Virginia: West Virginia became a state on June 20, 1863, after seceding from Virginia during the Civil War. The creation of West Virginia was largely driven by the distinct socio-economic conditions and political views of the western counties, which differed significantly from those of the eastern region of Virginia.

Key Events and Developments:

• The United States Centennial Exposition: The year 1876 marked the centennial anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, and West Virginia actively participated in the Centennial Exposition held in Philadelphia. This event provided an opportunity for the state to showcase its resources and progress on a national stage, enhancing its recognition and economic prospects.
• Railroad Expansion and Labor Troubles: The late 19th century witnessed significant railroad development in West Virginia, but it also brought labor unrest. The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 significantly impacted the state, with Martinsburg being a key location where the strike originated. The sources highlight that civil authorities struggled to maintain control, and the state was compelled to intervene, indicating the growing pains associated with industrialization and the emerging labor movement.
• Improvements in River Navigation: The state focused on improving river navigation to facilitate trade and transportation. For instance, the Little Kanawha River received attention due to its commercial importance. In 1863, the General Assembly passed an act to incorporate a navigation company, indicating the state's commitment to enhancing infrastructure and bolstering economic development.
• Early Educational Endeavors: The establishment of educational institutions reflected the value placed on education. Broaddus College, founded in 1871 as a female institute, later became coeducational in 1894, highlighting the evolving educational landscape and increasing opportunities for women. The establishment of Storer College, a pioneering institution for the education of colored people, further underscored the commitment to expanding educational access.
• Firsts in West Virginia: The sources document various "firsts" that mark significant milestones in the state's history:
  • The first book published about the state after its formation was "West Virginia—Its Farms, Forests and Oil-Wells," written by J. R. Dodge.
  • The first West Virginia biography was published in 1865, focusing on the life of Reverend Jacob Bachtel.
• Social Welfare Initiatives: The sources highlight the state's commitment to social welfare, particularly concerning the education of deaf and blind children. In 1870, the legislature passed an act establishing a state institution dedicated to educating these children, demonstrating an early focus on inclusive education and social responsibility.
• The Civil War and its Legacy: The Civil War had a profound impact on West Virginia. The formation of the state itself was a direct result of the war. The sources also document the contributions of West Virginians to both the Union and Confederate armies, illustrating the divided loyalties within the state.

Challenges and Opportunities:

• West Virginia faced numerous challenges during its early years, including establishing a functioning government, addressing the economic and social consequences of the Civil War, and navigating labor unrest.
• Despite these challenges, the sources paint a picture of a state determined to forge a path towards progress. The focus on education, infrastructure development, and social welfare initiatives reflects a forward-looking perspective.

The semi-centennial history of West Virginia is a story of resilience, adaptation, and a commitment to progress. The sources provide valuable insights into the events, challenges, and achievements that shaped the state during its formative years.

Note that the sources provided do not provide a complete picture of West Virginia's history. Additional research is needed for a more comprehensive understanding of this period.