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Williams River Gazette-- Religious News

 


Several events involving a church are mentioned in the sources. A church and a Gypsies camp were located near each other. Rev. L. D. Gray preached at the Methodist Protestant Episcopal Church, and there was a meeting held at the church in Green Bank. The funeral of Peter Moore was held at the Protestant Episcopal Church and Rev. T. H. Lacy D.D. preached at the Presbyterian Church.

 The sources mention the presence of a Gypsy camp in the vicinity of a church. The camp was close enough that they were mentioned together in the same article. There were people that did not believe that men had any good in them, but others said that there was good in the heart of the church.

The Gypsy camp was a subject of some curiosity. It was noted that the Gypsies were said to be engaged in horse trading, and fortune telling. This method of fortune telling was described as a science of "astrology," and was noted to have a "professor" in Mill Point. The article states that the methods of fortune telling used were considered by some to be "no less than a sort of mind reading, unscientific, and not sanctioned by human nature". It was also noted that they were believed to "play on the ignorance, curiosity, their passions and desires".


A series of revival meetings was held at the M.E. Church South, and the church was mentioned in the context of the need for proper pews. The Methodist Church in Marlinton was struck by lightning. The Green Bank Church was trying to get the church attached to another church.


A pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South was reported to have been preaching, and the church was mentioned in the context of the payment of the pastor. A man was mentioned as going to a church to be prayed for. The death of Rev. Edgar Fleet Alexander was reported, and his funeral service was held at the church with pallbearers and flowers.


A couple of Mormon missionaries were said to be preaching in a schoolhouse and at churches. A Sunday School was reported at the Haynes school house. A man was killed by a lightning strike while at the door of his church. The M. E. Church South is also mentioned in a list of churches.

From Our Old News Desk--The Frost team won the game.

 


A football game was played between teams from Frost and Green Hill. The game was played at G. B. Ryder's, on Back Creek.

  • The Frost team won the game.
  • The game was "hard fought".
  • Both teams gave their best effort and played in a friendly way.
  • The captains tossed to choose to defend the west goal for the first half.
  • Frost lined up with two substitutes, boys aged 14 years old or less.
  • The game was called and the ball was put in play by R. Wade.
  • The ball was carried in Green Hill territory.
  • Shinnaberry scored a goal for Frost.
  • The ball was put into play again.
  • The ball was carried in Green Hill territory a second time.
  • The ball was passed by both sides in a splendid play done by the players and was caught by C.C. Sharp, the goalkeeper.
  • In the second half, the play was quick and fast, but no points were scored.
  • The Frost team said that it was the "finest game they ever played".
  • The Green Hill team was thanked for their kindness and courtesies.

Team Rosters

  • Green Hill: Henry Hiner (goal), Bird, Hiram Wood (full backs), Elliot Hiner, Joe Chestnut (half backs), Jim Chestnut, Bob Wade, Wiley, Otho Wade (forwards)
  • Frost: Melvin Guy (goal), Grant Dilley, Holmes Sharp (full backs), Butler Sharp, Geo. Sharp (half backs), C. C. Sharp, Aron Sharp, Upton Sharp, Chris Dilley, W. Shinnaberry (forwards)
  • The linesman was Will Hiner.
  • The umpire was T. M. Gum.

Another football game between the Oak Grove and Frost teams took place on March 6th. It was noted that the Oak Grove team won that game. The football game between the Oak Grove and Frost teams was said to be hotly contested. The game was also described as having a crowd of people watching, including ladies. The game was also noted to have been carried down to Oak Grove's goal line, where a skirmish ensued which resulted in a first goal for Frost. There was a second football game between Frost and Oak Grove that was played at Frost on a Saturday, with Frost winning. The Frost team was then described as having a claim to the championship.

Williams River Gazette--Old News Clippings

 



1. A tragedy occurred involving two school children in Tucker county; a brother and sister perished in a blizzard on February 13th. The brother, age 12, took off his coat and wrapped it around his 10 year old sister when they were found, they were folded in each other's arms. The New York Express described the act as the highest elements of heroism, and the boy's actions as inspired by love and the instinctive chivalry of his character.


2. The Marlinton town council is considering purchasing a lot in Huntersville for the purpose of building a new town hall. The town council is also considering buying the old court house and jail from the county. The reasoning behind these decisions are the belief that it will be more convenient and comfortable to have a town hall closer to the center of town.


3. A horse race took place at Mingo under the auspices of the New Mingo Racing and Driving Association. There was a large crowd and good weather for the races, which consisted of several events. The "Cigar and Umbrella race" was won by Mr. Marshall's horse "Dolly". The races included some unusual rules and equipment, such as the riders having to hold a cigar and umbrella.


4. A man named James McCoy was arrested for allegedly threatening to burn the property of another man named Jones. McCoy was apparently upset by a case in court in which Nick McCoy was a witness, and also made threats against other parties. He was released on the promise that he would leave the county and never return, but was later seen back in the area. He was apprehended again after attacking a dog, and then approaching another man with a gun.


5. The Greenbrier Railway Company held a meeting in Huntington and elected officers. This new line is to be 80 miles long, connecting to the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and will penetrate the coal fields in Greenbrier and Pocahontas counties. The road has been surveyed and will be pushed to completion at the earliest date possible. This railway is considered an important feeder on the Chesapeake and Ohio line. The company has been actively acquiring land in the area for development.


6. A temporary injunction was granted last week by the judge of the circuit court to stop the county from paying any money to the Manley Manufacturing Company of Dalton, Georgia, for work on the courthouse. The bill was a petition by taxpayers stating the contract was not constitutional, and the amount was too large. The court found that the $25,000 claim was unconstitutional and the county was not legally bound to pay. The court also stated that this judgement was to bind future levies.


7. The case of Turk vs. Skiles was appealed to the Supreme Court. The court case was regarding the sale of a tract of land. The land was sold to James Skiles, but it was later claimed that it was not being held in trust for the benefit of Mrs. Skiles. The court ruled in favor of Skiles.


8. A man named Henry Fults was involved in a shooting incident at a camp on the Greenbrier River. Fults had been drinking and got into a fight with Caleb Hatfield. Fults was hit and severely wounded by a gun in the fight, and he was then taken into custody. This event took place at a place called Chand's Gap, located about 10 miles from the West Virginia line.


9. A new jail was recently built, and the building was thoroughly inspected by the commissioners. The jail is made of brick and has a slated roof with different sections for men, women, and families. It was built with the intention to improve the living conditions of the prisoners and make it a more sanitary place. It has a variety of improvements, including running water, a separate room for the jailer and a kitchen.


10. Mr. Geo. Auldridge, who was part of a large family living on William's River, moved to Iowa in 1862. He first farmed on the shares, but then bought land and now has a 160 acre farm which he says is as productive as any in Pocahontas. Mr. Auldridge raises grain, and he has a forty acre field for this purpose and has had grain each year for the last 22 years. His main revenue is hogs, selling 12 hogs last year for $348, and his largest hog being worth $40.


11. An incident occurred where a horse was found dead, having been “barbarously” taken, killed, and left in a public road. This took place near the West Union public road. The horse had been shot and also had its throat cut. It was not believed to be a local crime.


12. The Greenbrier Extension has been receiving a lot of attention because of the route through the Dry Fork and Cheat River mountains. It is said that the work will employ thousands of men. It is expected that the railway will be built to link the Chesapeake and Ohio lines with Pittsburg. The route will travel through the Dry Fork Valley, across the Cheat Mountains, and end at the Dry Fork River and connect to the main line.


13. A young boy was recently struck by a train while playing on the tracks. His leg was badly injured. Doctors were called to treat the young boy's injuries. There were recent statements about an engineer who thought he had struck a hog instead of a boy.


14. The Pocahontas County School Board is requiring that all teachers hold a certificate of attendance for five days at a teacher's institute. The board also states that if the trustees employ a teacher who doesn't comply with the new rule, then the trustees will be personally responsible. This new rule was put into place based on advice from the Attorney General. There is an understanding that a woman teacher must sign her contract at the meeting that is held on the third Monday in July.


15. A half-mile horse race track was recently formed and utilized at Mingo Flats. The races were held under the auspices of the New Mingo Racing and Driving Association. There was a large crowd of people from the surrounding areas that attended. The weather was considered to be good, and the afternoon was enjoyed by all.


16. A very serious murder was committed at Buckeye, only about 10 miles from the place the newspaper is published. A man named Dick Rankin, was indicted for the crime. The prosecuting attorney made efforts to find evidence for the State. The prosecution ultimately decided not to move forward with the case because the evidence was not sufficient to prove the man's guilt.


17. There was a report of a "Mammoth Cave" discovered near Marlinton. A group of men explored the cave, finding a large underground stream, and several other interesting features. The entrance to the cave was described as being "awful" and the descent being "aggravating". The group walked through several passages, and found areas of the cave that were considered "splendid".


18. A shooting occurred at a camp on the Greenbrier River where a man named James Fults was shot. The event occurred at a camp near Chand’s Gap. Fults was drinking and got into a fight with Caleb Hatfield, during which he was shot. The incident is believed to have involved a large amount of "moonshine whiskey".


19. A man named William Warwick had an experience while traveling back to Pittsburgh by horse and buggy. On the way, he came across an area near the Greenbrier River where there had been a fire. He helped put out the fire, and when doing so, found a man, thought to be dead, in the burning building. He pulled the man from the fire, and the man was able to walk away with minimal injuries.


20. The Confederate Veterans of Pocahontas County will meet in Marlinton on October 17th to form a camp. The arrangement is being made by several prominent soldiers. The public is invited to attend this event.


21. The trial of John Wilfong for the murder of his wife was completed. The case was a preliminary examination, and the purpose of the hearing was to determine if he should be sent to jail. A large crowd was in attendance at the hearing. The judge decided that the evidence presented was sufficient to keep him in jail until his trial.


22. A meeting was held to discuss the relocation of the courthouse. A petition has been filed to have the court house removed from its current location. There is a concern that it would be more convenient to have the courthouse in a more central location. It would also save tax payers money to relocate the court house, rather than keep the old one in operation.


23. A report was made about the "Raven Rocks" on the farm of Wm. M. McAllister. The report noted that the recent clearing of trees has made the rocks visible from the road. The rocks are described as being an imposing sight. They appear to be a detached portion of the cliffs and have a base that is smaller than the top.


24. A man named Orin W. Slavin passed away after a long illness. Slavin was a young man of 23 years. He was a man of promise who was gifted with intelligence and kindness. His last words were, “I am ready to go home”.


25. A man named James P. Warwick was appointed postmaster in Marlinton. He is well-liked and considered to be a good man for the job. It is noted that he is a "staunch Republican".


26. A case involving a man named Charles Beverage was brought before the court. Beverage was a witness in a case, and he refused to answer questions. He was sent to jail for his refusal to answer, and he was to remain there until he decided to comply with the court.


27. There was an incident in which a man named Andrew Crummett visited the home of Andrew Crummett. It is believed the visit was to try and ascertain if the man had been telling the truth about an earlier incident where he was accused of stealing, and when asked about it Andrew Crummett responded in an unfriendly way. A fight broke out in which Andrew Crummett struck him in the face, and then threw him out of the house.


28. The surveyors for the Greenbrier Railway have been busy at work, establishing the route for the new rail line. The surveying has been done for several miles on either side of the Greenbrier River. They are attempting to find the most practical route for the rail line. They have determined that two tunnels will be required.


29. The teachers of Pocahontas County have been attending the Teachers’ Institute. It is considered by some to be a good thing, while others view it as "an outrageous imposition". There was a great deal of discussion on the methods that are used to teach, and whether they are the right methods to use.


30. A large amount of chancery work has been pending in the courts. The case of O. S. Wilson and Co., and others vs. Yeager and others is one such case. The case relates to the settling of the partnership property of W. S. Yeager. The court had determined that Mrs. Yeager is in fact, not responsible for her husband's debts.


31. A man named Ralph Wanless died in March of 1808. He was a native of England, and he resided in the lower valley of the Virginia River. His parents were Quakers. He was a man who was described as being of an independent and unconventional character.


32. A group of men went on a trip to a mammoth cave near Marlinton. The men explored the cave and found an underground stream. The men also reported that the entrance was narrow and the descent was difficult. They reported a passage that was about twelve feet wide and there was a second room where the ceilings were much higher than what they found in the first room.


33. A letter to the editor expressed concern about the number of schools that were being closed. The letter noted that the law states that the school trustees must meet in July to appoint teachers. The letter also expressed concern that the school year might not begin until August.


34. A football game was played between teams from Frost and Green Hill. The Frost team won. The game was played at G.B. Ryder's, on Back Creek. The game was hard fought, and played in a friendly way, with both teams giving their best effort.


35. A series of indictments were made at the most recent court session. There were several individuals indicted for various offenses. Some of the indictments were for felonies, and others were for misdemeanors. A number of people were indicted for assault, as well as for carrying weapons.


36. The body of a dead horse was found in a public road. The horse had been shot and its throat had been cut. It was not clear who committed the crime, but it was assumed to be the work of someone not from the local area.


37. A man named William Warwick returned to Marlinton after being away for several days. He had been on a trip to Bath County. He had been gone for several days, during which he enjoyed the local scenery.


38. A man named John Kinnison died in Hillsboro. He was a member of one of the earliest families to settle in the area. He was a farmer and a veteran of the Civil War. It was said that he was a faithful reader of the Bible.


39. A man named James W. Arbogast was appointed as the county's Commissioner of Schools. He was a native of Pendleton County. He had been a teacher for 10 years in Grafton before his appointment.


40. There was an incident of gigging in the Greenbrier River. The method to gig fish involves using torches to attract the fish. This is done by using a bright light which blinds the fish and makes them easy to catch. It was noted that the practice requires a noiseless approach and a trained eye.

Wills

 last will and testament

The sources reveal several ways assets were distributed among heirs in wills, reflecting the legal and social practices of the time. Here's a breakdown of common methods:

  • Specific Bequests:

    • Testators often made direct bequests of specific items to named individuals. This could include land, houses, furniture, livestock, or even enslaved people. For example, William H. Lewis bequeathed a "negro woman named Mariah and her child Eliza" to his wife.
    • These specific bequests were intended to ensure that particular heirs received items of special value or significance to the testator.
    • John Dulaney left a young mare to his daughter, Elizabeth.
  • Equal Division:

    • A common method was to divide the remaining estate equally among designated heirs, typically the spouse and children. This was often stipulated after specific bequests were fulfilled.
    • For example, John Dulaney directed that his land and all other property be divided equally between his wife and children.
  • Some wills specify that the distribution among children should be equal, and that there should be no distinction based on gender.

  • In the will of James Lewis, he directs the division of his property among his children, with the provision that daughters should be treated equally with sons.

  • Life Estates:

    • Sometimes, a will would grant a life estate to a spouse. This meant that the spouse could use and enjoy the property during their lifetime, but could not sell it or pass it on to their heirs. After the spouse’s death, the property would then be distributed according to the will.
    • For example, John Dulaney's will stipulated that his wife have a "comfortable support from the farm".
    • Similarly, some testators specify that a spouse should retain the use of the land and property for their lifetime.
  • Provisions for Minor Children:

    • Wills often included specific instructions for the care of minor children. This could include directions on who would have custody or how their education would be funded.
    • John Dulaney stipulated that his "negro man Bob" should be hired out until Dulaney's son, John, reached 21, with the money to be used for the family’s upkeep.
    • Samuel McCarty's will states that his children should live with their mother until they are capable of living independently.
  • Sale of Property and Division of Proceeds:

    • Some wills directed that all or part of the estate be sold, and the proceeds be distributed among the heirs.
    • This was particularly common when the estate included land or other assets that were not easily divided. For example, William H. Lewis directed that his land, along with the land of Margaret Allen and Rachel Carrel, be sold.
  • Conditional Bequests:

    • Some wills included conditional bequests, where heirs received property upon the fulfillment of certain conditions.
    • John Dulaney directed that his enslaved girl Jane should remain with his daughter until Jane turned 18, at which time, Jane could choose her master.
  • Executors and Trustees:

    • Wills typically named executors, who were responsible for carrying out the terms of the will.
    • Sometimes, individuals were also named as trustees to manage assets or property on behalf of heirs.

These methods of asset distribution in wills illustrate a structured approach to transferring wealth and property from one generation to the next. The wills reflected not only the testator’s wishes, but also the legal and social framework of the time, ensuring some level of fairness and stability in the settlement of estates.

Educational opportunities for the children of early settlers in West Virginia were limited.

 


The educational opportunities for the children of early settlers in West Virginia were limited. Most early schools were private and paid for by families who wanted their children to learn to "read, write, cipher and read the Bible". These schools were called "subscription" or "pay" schools. They were often taught in the homes of pioneer farmers who were willing to pay for the services of a teacher. The teacher would stay with one family for a few weeks then move on to the next.

There were few school houses before the Civil War, and classes were generally held in some old building that was abandoned, which would be chinked and daubed with mud. The old open fire place was used, and the windows were frequently made of greased paper. The benches were made of split logs with pins bored in for legs. The students, parents and patrons maintained the schools, and the tuition was paid by patrons on a per capita basis.

A typical school term lasted three months, and the teacher’s salary was one dollar per month for each pupil. There were no lead pencils but some of the pupils had slates; quill pens were used. In at least one school, several of the parents accompanied their children to school and learned to read with them.

The first schools were not silent schools as are now common. In 1848 at the request of Isaac Moore, a meeting was held to consider reforms in the schools. This meeting resulted in the organization of the first board of education in the county, which was organized to supervise the schools of Arny District. From this point on, there was a spirited controversy in the effort to have silent schools. The silent schools became the rule.

Prior to the Civil War, there were few schoolhouses in Pocahontas County, West Virginia. The early schools were often held in abandoned buildings that were "chinked and daubed with mud." Heat came from an open fireplace, and the windows were often made of greased paper. Students sat on benches made of split logs. In one instance, a school was held in a round pole structure. The floor was made of slabs of rock, and the roof was held in place by weight poles. Instead of windows, a log was chopped from one side, and greased paper was pasted over the opening.

The earliest teachers in these rural schools typically taught the "higher and lower grades," instructing students in the "three R's" - reading, writing, and arithmetic - as well as in Latin, algebra, and other subjects. There is mention of one family from east of the mountains in Virginia who taught in the private families in the Levels District. They taught for three or four months. Some of the early schools were taught by ministers. These early teachers would often move from family to family, staying with one family for a few weeks and then moving on to the next.

As the population grew, the need for more permanent school buildings increased. In 1844, a permanent schoolhouse was erected in the Greenbank Community. By the mid-1800s, there were also "subscription" or "pay" schools, which were funded by families who wanted their children to be educated. The curriculum in these schools was similar to that of the earlier schools, but there was a greater emphasis on silence in the classroom. This shift was due in part to the influence of Isaac Moore, who in 1848 called a meeting to consider reforms in the schools. The meeting led to the organization of the first board of education in the county, which was charged with supervising the schools of Arny District. The board's efforts to promote silent schools were met with "spirited controversy," but eventually the silent schools became the rule.

One example of this evolution in school structures is provided by the experience of Isaac Moore. Born around 1800, Moore was eager to become a good scholar. He mastered arithmetic with the help of a neighbor and an old field school teacher. During the winter, he taught in a house near the present residence of Mrs. George Dinker. The house, built of unhewn logs, was daubed, roofed with boards kept in place by sticks and poles. Clay filled the room taken up by the chimney of press poles, and one window extended the entire length of one side, covered with greased paper.

Moore would become one of the best teachers of his day. In 1852 or 1853, he and his family moved to Hillsboro and lived in the Feyatt House, later moving to an old log house south of town. He taught school in the basement of the old Methodist Church. He was a strict disciplinarian but kind to his scholars.

The sources document the transition from makeshift schools held in homes and rudimentary structures to dedicated school houses. They also describe the evolution from itinerant teachers to more established and respected educators. The move toward “silent schools” demonstrates a shift toward a more structured learning environment.

 

 

The Ghost of Droop Mountain

 


The sources tell the story of a headless soldier who haunts Droop Mountain. A Confederate soldier was stationed on Droop Mountain during the Civil War. One evening, an enemy soldier spied the Confederate soldier and attacked him, grabbing him by the hair and slicing his head off. The enemy soldier then threw the Confederate soldier's head into a muddy pond.

The soldier's body was buried by his comrades, who marked the grave with a stone. However, his head was never found. From that day forward, the headless soldier was said to haunt the area, appearing as a "headless soldier dark stark." He would appear by the bridle bit of horses passing by.

One story tells of a pioneer transporting salt by wagon train who encountered the ghost. The ghost grabbed his bridle bit and would not let go. The pioneer was forced to stop his journey until dawn. Another pioneer, driving a four-horse team, also encountered the ghost. The ghost stopped his team. The pioneer tried to urge them on, but they wouldn't move. He eventually walked on, leaving the team behind with the ghost.

The pioneer was so frightened that he threw his coattails outward "as though transported by aerogram." His buddies rescued him, and they also recovered his team. They found a blacksnake whip at the stump where the ghost had been standing. After this encounter, travelers could pass in peace, and the ghost was never seen again. The story concludes by noting that a moss-covered marker can still be seen near the spot where the headless soldier was buried.

 

The wagon train in the story stopped at several locations:

  • Camping sites along the way: Pioneers transporting salt would stop at designated camping sites, spaced a day's travel apart. These sites provided a safe place to rest overnight.
  • Droop Mountain: The wagon train stopped near Droop Mountain, where they encountered the ghost of the headless soldier.
  • The old pond fountain: The wagon train paused at a location described as the "old pond fountain." This spot was across the pike from the grave of an unknown soldier who died in the Civil War.
  • A blacksmith's shop: When one of the horses in the wagon train went lame, the teamster took it to a blacksmith to be shod.

The sources also describe other places the wagon train passed, including:

  • The salt mines in Kanawha: This was the starting point of the journey.
  • Tyke: The wagon train passed through a place called Tyke, where they were greeted by a pioneer sitting on a rail fence.

 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The ghost story focuses on the experiences of two pioneers encountering the headless soldier on Droop Mountain. These encounters occurred after the wagon train had passed several key locations, including the salt mines in Kanawha, the town of Tyke, and a blacksmith's shop where a lame horse was shod.

The first pioneer is only briefly mentioned. The ghost appeared beside his horse and grabbed his bridle bit, forcing the pioneer to halt his journey until dawn. This detail highlights the ghost's ability to physically interact with travelers and disrupt their journeys.

The second pioneer is described in more detail. He was driving a four-horse team when the ghost appeared, causing his horses to stop. Unlike the first pioneer who waited until dawn, this pioneer tried to urge his team onward but "to no avail". The horses refused to move, as though they were made of wood. Defeated, the pioneer abandoned his team and continued on foot, leaving his horses with the ghost. He was so terrified that he flung his coattails outward "as though transported by aerogram".

The story emphasizes that both encounters took place after the wagon train had already passed the old pond fountain and the unknown soldier's grave, locations specifically mentioned earlier in the narrative. This suggests that the ghost was not confined to a single location but roamed Droop Mountain, posing a threat to travelers passing through.

Funerals

 



  • Cecil Clawson Underwood, 75, of Huntersville, died Tuesday, November 16, 1993. He never recovered after being in a car accident on October 27, 1993. Mr. Underwood worked and retired from Kingsbury Machine Shop in Keene, New Hampshire, thirteen years prior to his death. Funeral services were held November 19 at VanReenan Funeral Home in Marlinton by the Rev. Norman Alderman with burial at the Beaver Creek Cemetery.
  • Eugene D. Morgan, 84, of St. Albans, died Thursday, June 29, 1995. He was born October 9, 1909, in South Charleston and was a lifelong resident of St. Albans. Mr. Morgan had lived in Charleston, with his wife, for 25 years before returning to St. Albans to live with his son since 1987. He was a retired employee of the U.S. Navy and served in World War II. He was a member of the South Charleston Masonic Lodge #85, St. Albans Andrew United Methodist Church, and the American Legion Post # 815 of St. Albans. A graveside service was held Saturday at 11 a.m. at St. Andrew Memorial Park, St. Albans, conducted by the Rev. Paul Smith.
  • Mary Ellen Smith Lewis, 63, of Lewisburg, died Thursday, April 15, 1993, at the Veterans Administration Center after a short illness. She was born August 3, 1929, at Clover Lick, a daughter of the late Russell and Alice Marie Brown Smith. She was a retired employee of the Greenbrier Hotel in Lewisburg. A graveside service was held at 2 p.m. Sunday at St. John’s Episcopal Church Cemetery.
  • Carl D. Livesay, 81, of Staunton, died February 28, 2000. He was born on March 21, 1918, in Frankfort, the son of the late Mr. and Mrs. Charles E. Livesay. Mr. Livesay was a U.S. Army veteran of World War II and a member of the Emmanuel United Methodist Church, the American Legion, and the American Angus Association. He was a retired meat cutter from the Virginia Poultry Association and a former employee of the Rockingham County School Board. A graveside service was held at 2 p.m. on Thursday at Oaklawn Memory Gardens, conducted by the Rev. John C. Peterson.
  • Grey Landis, 78, of Marlinton, died May 2, 1999, at his home in Marlinton. He was born May 20, 1920, in Virginia. Mr. Landis was a retired agent for the Commonwealth Life Insurance Company. A graveside service was held Wednesday in Arbovale Cemetery, conducted by the Rev. Gary Walton and the Rev. Gary Weldy.
  • Mary I. Lovick, 53, of Angier, died September 8, 1998, at her home. She was a member of Grace Baptist Church. A graveside service was held Friday at 2 p.m. in Bear Valley Cemetery, conducted by the Rev. Gary Walton and the Rev. Gary Weldy.
  • Gladys E. Loudermilk, age 87, of Dunmore, died October 22, 1998, at her home. She was born August 17, 1911, to the late Harry M. and Bessie A. Keaton Loudermilk. Funeral services were held at the VanReenan Funeral Home in Marlinton with burial in the Mountain View Cemetery.
  • Ruth Leonard, 85, died Monday, December 2, 1996, at her home in Marlinton. She was taken to the Brush Funeral Home in White Sulphur Springs for services and burial.
  • Owen H. Lewis, 87, of Hillsboro, died November 26, 1998, at his home. He was born February 12, 1911, the son of the late Mr. and Mrs. Hargis Lewis. He was a retired coal miner, having worked for the New River Company as a weighmaster for a number of years. A graveside service was held at 2 p.m. Saturday at Wallace Memorial Gardens in Clintonville.
  • Raymond L. Lambert, 77, of Ocala, Florida, died October 24, 1998, at his home. He was born February 17, 1921. Mr. Lambert was a U.S. Army veteran of World War II and retired in 1976 after 30 years with General Motors, in Delaware, Ohio. Graveside rites and committal services were held at 1 p.m. Saturday in Bear Valley Cemetery, conducted by the Rev. Bob Loyd.
  • Robert "Bobby" Layne, 47, of Bluefield, died June 20, 1999, at a Bluefield hospital. He was born May 24, 1952, in Charleston, and was a son of Juanita Arbogast. Graveside services were held at 1 p.m. Saturday in the Greenbrier Memorial Gardens, Lewisburg.
  • Carolyn Eloise Howe Ervin, of Lewisburg, passed away March 31, 1999, in Roanoke. A graveside service was held at 1 p.m. Saturday in the Greenbrier Memorial Gardens in Lewisburg.
  • Eugene Kenneth Layne, 58, of Glenville, died November 14, 1999, in Weston. He was a retired coal miner and a Methodist. Graveside services were held at 2 p.m. Sunday in the Donaldson Cemetery.
  • W. Clarence Elswick, 66, of White Sulphur Springs, died February 2, 2000. He was born March 21, 1933, at Clover Lick. He was a retired employee of the U.S. Forest Service. Funeral services were held at 11 a.m. Tuesday at the Wallace and Wallace Funeral Home in White Sulphur Springs.
  • Sarah Richardson Manuel, 93, of Lewisburg, passed away Saturday, March 27, 1999, at her home. A graveside service was conducted 2 p.m. Sunday in the Rosewood Cemetery at Lewisburg.
  • Willie "Snow" Minneweahter, 94, of White Sulphur Springs, passed away Friday, December 8, at the Brier Nursing Home. Funeral services will be conducted 2 p.m. Sunday in the White Sulphur Springs Baptist Church.
  • Lena Grace Linthicum, 51, of Lewisburg, passed away Friday, March 29, at Greenbrier Valley Medical Center in Ronceverte. A graveside service was held 2 p.m. Sunday in the Wallace Memorial Park, Lewisburg.
  • Harry "Buck" Parker, 85, of Dunmore, passed away following a long illness at a Beckley hospital Thursday, May 4, 2000. Graveside services were held 2 p.m. Sunday at the Wallace Memorial Cemetery in Clintonville.
  • Paul Weikle, Jr., 68, of Ron-ceverte, passed away Wednesday, March 29, 2000, at Greenbrier Valley Medical Center in Ronceverte. Graveside services will be held 2 p.m. Friday at the Wallace & Wallace Funeral Home in Ronceverte.
  • Lattie Boggs, 89, of Gassaway, passed away Wednesday, November 11, in a Roanoke hospital. Graveside services will be held 2 p.m. Sunday at Roach Creek Cemetery in Gassaway.
  • Betty Satterfield Peyton, 77, of Lewisburg and Melbourne, FL, passed away Wednesday, December 9, 1998, in a Melbourne, FL, hospital. Funeral services will be held 2 p.m. Friday at the Wilson D. Todds Funeral Home in Lewisburg.
  • Anna Louise Patton Bryant, 75, of Alderson, passed away Wednesday, June 13, at her home following a short illness. Funeral services will be held at 1 p.m. Friday at the Lobban Funeral Home in Alderson.
  • Joe Thomas Auricchio, 59, of Clintonville, passed away Sunday following an extended illness at his home. Survivors include three step-daughters.
  • Mrs. Helen E. Craig Meck, 78, of High Point, North Carolina, died January 2, 1993, in High Point Regional Hospital following a brief illness. A graveside service will be held at 2 p.m. Wednesday in the Floral Garden Park Cemetery in High Point, North Carolina.
  • Charles Glenn Moore, of Durbin, died March 6, 1993, at the home of his sister, Hazel Simmons. A graveside service will be held at 2 p.m. Tuesday at Wallace and Wallace Funeral Home.
  • Ellis Harrel McCarty, 77, of Hillsboro, died Tuesday, October 28, 1992, at Alleghany Regional Hospital at Clifton Forge, Virginia, after a long illness. Graveside services were held at 2 p.m. Thursday at the Oak Grove Masonic Cemetery in Marlinton.
  • Edith Mae Moore, 75, of Hillsboro, died Saturday, January 22, 1993, in Summers County Hospital in Hinton. A graveside service was held at 2 p.m. Monday at the Memorial Cemetery.
  • Robert L. Wagner, 89, of Painesville, Ohio, formerly of Ronceverte, died Wednesday, August 21, 1993, in Painesville. Funeral services were held at 3 p.m. Sunday at Wallace & Wallace in Ronceverte with burial in the Arbovale Cemetery.
  • John M. Walker, Jr., 83, of Monterey, died Saturday, June 25, 1994. Graveside services will be held at 1 p.m. Saturday in Monterey Cemetery.
  • Darrell F. Scott, 64, of Castle Blueridge, died December 28, 1992, at his home in Castle Blueridge. Funeral services will be held at 1 p.m. Saturday at the Jack K. Wallace Funeral Home in Lewisburg with burial in the Oak Grove Cemetery at Hillsboro.
  • E. C. Stockwell, 84, of Hinton, died Saturday, January 26, 1991, at a Staunton medical center. Funeral services will be held at 2 p.m. Tuesday in the Wallace and Wallace Funeral Home in Hinton, with burial in the Mountain View Cemetery.
  • James Andrew Workman, 74, of Hillsboro, died Wednesday, May 24, 1995, at the home of his son in Roanoke, Virginia, of heart failure. Services were held at the Hillsboro United Methodist Church and Oak Grove Cemetery.
  • Bertie Eugene Simmons, 82, of Luray, Virginia, formerly of Marlinton, died September 24, 1992, at Charlottesville. Services were held at 1 p.m. Monday at Wallace and Wallace in Marlinton, with burial in the Derwood Cemetery.
  • Grace H. Corso, 64, of Cleveland, Ohio, formerly of Marlinton, died December 19, 1996, at her residence following a long illness. Services were held December 21 at the Fairview Heights Baptist Church.
  • Louise C. Coleman, 71, of Marlinton, died November 6, 1997, in a Marlinton nursing home. She was a native of Virginia and a daughter of Wilburn and Nora Taylor. Services were held November 8 at Wallace and Wallace Funeral Home.
  • Orlana R. Clement, age 66 years, died February 12, 1998, at a nursing home in Louisiana. Services were conducted on February 14 at Memorial Gardens in LaPlace, Louisiana.
  • Victor B. Croston, 68, of Mill Point, died February 21, 1998, at the home of his daughter. He was a native of Gypsy and was a retired laborer. A graveside service was held at 1 p.m. Sunday at Wallace & Wallace Funeral Home.
  • Albert H. Church, 73, of LaPlace, Louisiana, died February 25, 1998, after a long illness. He was a native of Maryland and attended high school in Moorefield, West Virginia. He was retired from Bethlehem Steel, Sparrows Point, Maryland, and was a member of the Moose Lodge in Baltimore and the Calvary Baptist Church in LaPlace. He was also a big game hunter and fisherman and was an avid reader. Burial took place February 28 in the St. John the Baptist Church Cemetery.
  • Ada Doyle Cross, 97, of Marlinton, died May 13, 1998, at a nursing home in Marlinton. Funeral services will be held at 1 p.m. Saturday at VanReenan Funeral Home with burial in the Mountain View Cemetery.
  • James "Jim" Comstock, 85, of Riverton, died Wednesday, February 25, 1998, in the Pocahontas Memorial Hospital. A graveside service was held at 2 p.m. Saturday at Riverview Cemetery.
  • Charles E. "Dick" Coyner, Sr., 79, of Bartow, died Saturday, August 30, 1997, at a Marlinton nursing home. Mr. Coyner was a lifelong resident of Pocahontas County and was a veteran of World War II. Funeral services were held at 2 p.m. Monday at the First Baptist Church.
  • Geneva Campbell, age 78, of Dunmore, died January 8, 1998, at the Pocahontas Memorial Hospital. Funeral services will be held at 2 p.m. Sunday at VanReenan Funeral Home.
  • Leonard Lee Curry, 70, of Durbin, died Sunday, July 9, 1995, at his home following a long illness. Funeral services will be held at 2 p.m. Tuesday at the Durbin Pentecostal Holiness Church.
  • Onaeda "My" M. Oliver, 89, died at the Pocahontas Center, Marlinton. Funeral services were held at 2 p.m. Sunday at Wallace & Wallace Funeral Home with burial at Bennett Memorial Cemetery.
  • Roy Lewis Cain, Sr., 66, of Marlinton, died Sunday, November 24, 1991. Funeral services were held at 1 p.m. Wednesday at VanReenan Funeral Home.
  • Billy Noel Cook, age 60, of Summersville, died Monday, October 12, 1998, at his home in Summersville. A graveside service will be held at 11 a.m. Friday at the Oak Grove Cemetery in Hillsboro.
  • Pauline Caldwell Cronin, age 62, died at Memorial General Hospital in Elkins. She was a member of St. Patrick Catholic Church and a lifelong resident of Dunmore. Funeral services were held at 11 a.m. Monday at the Denny Dodson Funeral Home.
  • Clarence C. White, 87, of Minnehaha Springs, died Wednesday, June 13, 1990, at the University of Virginia Medical Center. Funeral services will be held at 11 a.m. Saturday at the Wallace & Wallace Funeral Home in Minnehaha Springs.
  • Dennie L. Williams, 66, of White Sulphur Springs died Monday, July 24, 1995, at a Lewisburg Hospital. Funeral services will be held at 11 a.m. Thursday at the Wallace & Wallace Funeral Home in White Sulphur Springs.
  • Loyal Waugh, Jr., 81, of Marlinton, died Friday, November 24, 1989. Funeral services will be held at 2 p.m. Sunday at the VanReenan Funeral Home.
  • Ernest H. Wottring, 82, of Minnehaha Springs, died April 24, 1994, at a Texas hospital. Funeral services will be held at 2 p.m. Monday at the First United Methodist Church in Alderson.
  • Lowell B. Walton, 73, of Minnehaha Springs, died Tuesday, May 25, 1993, in Pocahontas Memorial Hospital. Funeral services will be held at 2 p.m. Thursday at the VanReenan Funeral Home.
  • William Lipscomb, 22, of Durbin, was pronounced dead at his home March 12, 1993. Funeral arrangements have not been finalized.
  • Claude Wynn, 65, of Minnehaha Springs, died Tuesday, November 13, 1990, at the Beckley Appalachian Regional Hospital. Funeral services were held on November 15 at the Wallace & Wallace Funeral Home, with burial in the Greenbrier Cemetery at Organ.
  • Jane Kelley Withers, 82, of Marlinton, died Monday, March 14, 1994, at her home in Huntersville. Funeral services will be held at 2 p.m. Thursday at VanReenan Funeral Home with burial in the Mountain View Cemetery.
  • Thomas Saunders, 73, of Marlinton, died Saturday, November 5, 1994. Graveside services were held at 11 a.m. Monday in the Mountain View Cemetery.
  • Nellie M. Waybright, 80, of Mill Point, died Saturday, December 23, 1995, at a nursing home in Virginia. Funeral services were held at 2 p.m. Tuesday at the Brethren Church, at Monterey.
  • Michael T. Waslo, 73, of Arbovale, died Tuesday, January 4, 1993, at his home. Graveside services were held at 11 a.m. Thursday at Green Bank National Radio Astronomy Observatory Cemetery.
  • Richard Delmont Wilson, Jr., 80, of Marlinton, died Thursday, December 1, 1994. Funeral services were held at 2 p.m. Saturday at VanReenan Funeral Home with burial in the Fairview Cemetery.
  • Geraldine Ann Wilfong, 57, of Ronceverte, died Sunday, December 20, 1992, at a local nursing home. She was a homemaker and a retired supervisor at Hanover Shoe in Lewisburg. Funeral services were held at 2 p.m. Tuesday at the Fairview Cemetery.
  • Thomas Albert Wyatt, 54, of Marlinton, died Saturday, August 6, 1994, at the Veterans Administration Medical Center in Salem. Funeral services were held at 11 a.m. Tuesday in the Ritenour Memorial Church, with burial in the Mountain View Cemetery.
  • Orval K. "Buddy" Waddell, 64, of Lewisburg, died January 12, 1993, at a Davis Memorial Hospital. Graveside services were held at 1:00 p.m. Friday in the Greenbrier Memorial Cemetery.
  • Nelson Eugene Weible, 65, of Green Bank, formerly of Snowshoe, died April 22, 1993, in Charleston Area Medical Center. Graveside services were held at 1 p.m. Wednesday at St. John's Catholic Church Cemetery.
  • Elmer Wymer, 88, died April 20, 1994, after a short illness. Graveside services were held at 2 p.m. Saturday at the Arbovale Cemetery.
  • Arden Wimer, formerly of Essex, Maryland, died Wednesday, February 2, 1994, at the Veterans Affairs Perry Point Veterans Hospital, following a long illness. Funeral services were held at 2 p.m. Saturday at the R.C. Matthews Funeral Home in Baltimore.
  • Pearl Hazel White, 82, of Riverton, died September 6, 1992, at her home. Funeral services will be held at 2 p.m. Tuesday at the Riverton United Methodist Church.
  • Mrs. Geraldine Wilfong, died Sunday, December 20, at a local nursing home. She was a homemaker and a retired supervisor at Hanover Shoe in Lewisburg. She was a member of the Edray Charge United Methodist Church and the Born-April Homemakers Club. Funeral services were held at 2 p.m. Tuesday at the Fairview Cemetery.
  • Norma Walker Hedrick Wender, 69, died Wednesday, June 22, 1994, in a nursing home in Alexandria, Virginia. Graveside services were held Sunday by the Rev. Dr. W. David Lile in the Oak Grove Cemetery in Marlinton.
  • Tom Wiseman, of Lewisburg, died September 2, 1993. Funeral services will be held in the Arlington National Cemetery.
  • Lettie W. Wickline, 85, of Marlinton, died December 5, 1992, at the Pocahontas Memorial Hospital. Funeral services will be held at 2 p.m. Friday at the Richard M. McCraw Funeral Home in Marlinton.
  • Ivan Dale Williams, 70, of Hillsboro, died June 18, 1994, at a hospital in Lewisburg. Funeral services will be held at 11 a.m. Tuesday at the Wallace & Wallace Funeral Home.
  • Dollie A. Seabolt, 99, died Monday, January 25, 1993, in Beckley Hospital. Mrs. Seabolt was the oldest resident of Buckeye, West Virginia. Visitation will be held Wednesday at VanReenan's Funeral Home.

Sermon: Waiting

10 Bible verses about waiting on the Lord from the King James Version:

    Psalm 27:14 - "Wait on the Lord: be strong, and he shall strengthen thine heart: wait, I say, on the Lord."


    Psalm 37:7 - "Rest in the Lord, and wait patiently for him: fret not thyself because of him who prospereth in his way, because of the man who bringeth wicked devices to pass."   

Psalm 37:9 - "For evildoers shall be cut off: but those that wait upon the Lord, they shall inherit the earth."


Psalm 40:1 - "I waited patiently for the Lord, and he inclined unto me, and heard my cry."


Psalm 62:1 - "Truly my soul waiteth upon God; from him cometh my salvation."


Isaiah 40:31 - "But they that wait upon the Lord shall renew their strength; they shall mount up with wings as eagles; they shall run, and not be weary; and they shall walk, and not faint."  


Lamentations 3:25 - "The Lord is good unto them that wait for him, to the soul that seeketh him."


Micah 7:7 - "Therefore I will look unto the Lord; I will wait for the God of my salvation: my God will hear me."


Habakkuk 2:3 - "For the vision is yet for an appointed time, but at the end it shall speak, and not lie: though it tarry, wait for it; because it will surely come, it will not tarry."  


James 5:7 - "Be patient therefore, brethren, unto the coming of the Lord. Behold, the husbandman waiteth for the precious fruit of the earth, and hath long patience for it, until he receive the early and latter rain.

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Here are 5 Bible examples of people who waited on the Lord:

  1. Abraham: Waited 25 years for the promised child, Isaac, demonstrating unwavering faith in God's timing. (Genesis 15-21)
  2. Joseph: Endured years of unjust imprisonment, maintaining his integrity and trusting in God's plan, which ultimately led to him saving lives during a famine. (Genesis 37-50)
  3. David: Waited years to become king, facing numerous trials and enemies, but remaining faithful to God's anointing. (1 Samuel 16-31)
  4. The Israelites: Waited 40 years in the wilderness, learning to depend on God for their daily needs and ultimately entering the Promised Land. (Exodus 19-Deuteronomy 34)
  5. Jesus: Waited 30 years before beginning his public ministry, demonstrating obedience and trust in the Father's timing. (Luke 2)

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Impatience can have a significant negative impact on various aspects of life:

  • Increased Stress and Anxiety: Constantly feeling rushed and frustrated leads to elevated stress levels and anxiety. This can manifest physically as headaches, muscle tension, and digestive problems.
  • Damaged Relationships: Impatience can strain relationships with friends, family, and colleagues. It can lead to outbursts, arguments, and a general feeling of negativity.
  • Poor Decision-Making: When we're impatient, we're more likely to make hasty and impulsive decisions without fully considering the consequences.
  • Reduced Productivity: Ironically, impatience can actually decrease productivity. Trying to rush through tasks often leads to mistakes and the need to redo work, ultimately wasting more time.
  • Health Problems: Studies have linked impatience to increased risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, and other health issues.

In essence, impatience often leads to a cycle of negativity: frustration breeds more impatience, which in turn leads to further stress and negative outcomes.

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Here are the lyrics to the song "He Was There All the Time" by Sammy Hall:

Verse 1
I was lost and I was blind
I thought I'd never find my way
But then you came along
And you showed me the light
And I found my way

Chorus
He was there all the time
He was there all the time
He was there all the time
He never left my side

Verse 2
I was down and out
I was feeling so alone
But then you came along
And you picked me up
And you made me strong

Chorus
He was there all the time
He was there all the time
He was there all the time
He never left my side

Bridge
When I thought I couldn't go on
You gave me the strength to carry on
When I thought I couldn't see
You opened my eyes
And I could see

Chorus
He was there all the time
He was there all the time
He was there all the time
He never left my side

Outro
He was there all the time
He was there all the time
He was there all the time
He never left my side

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The Parable of the Ten Virgins is found in Matthew 25:1-13. Here's an outline:

1. The Setup:

  • Ten Virgins: Ten young women, likely bridesmaids, are waiting for the arrival of the bridegroom.
  • Lamps and Oil: All ten virgins have lamps, but only five have brought extra oil in their vessels.

2. The Wait and the Unexpected Delay:

  • Anticipation: The virgins await the bridegroom's arrival.
  • Drowsiness: While waiting, they all become drowsy and fall asleep.

3. The Arrival of the Bridegroom:

  • Midnight Call: At midnight, a cry is heard: "Behold, the bridegroom is coming!"
  • Awakening: The virgins awaken and prepare their lamps.

4. The Foolish Virgins' Dilemma:

  • Empty Lamps: The five foolish virgins discover their lamps are going out because they have no extra oil.
  • Request for Oil: They ask the wise virgins for some of their oil.

5. The Wise Virgins' Response:

  • Caution: The wise virgins refuse, saying they may not have enough oil for themselves and the foolish virgins.
  • Advice: They advise the foolish virgins to go buy their own oil.

6. The Missed Opportunity:

  • Departure of the Bridegroom: While the foolish virgins go to buy oil, the bridegroom arrives.
  • Exclusion: The door is shut, and the foolish virgins are not allowed to enter the wedding feast.

7. The Moral of the Story:

  • Importance of Preparation: The parable emphasizes the importance of being spiritually prepared for the return of Christ.
  • Wise vs. Foolish: The wise virgins represent those who are spiritually prepared, while the foolish virgins represent those who are not.
  • Urgency: The parable highlights the urgency of being prepared, as the return of Christ may be unexpected.

Key Symbols:

  • Virgin: Represents believers.
  • Lamp: Represents the Word of God and a person's spiritual light.
  • Oil: Represents the Holy Spirit, faith, and good works.
  • Bridegroom: Represents Jesus Christ.
  • Wedding Feast: Represents eternal life in heaven.

This parable serves as a warning to be vigilant and spiritually prepared for the return of Christ. It encourages believers to cultivate a strong relationship with God and live a life that reflects their faith.

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The proverb "a watched pot never boils" is attributed to Benjamin Franklin.

  • Origin: He included a variation of the proverb in his Poor Richard's Almanack, published from 1732 to 1758.
  • Meaning: The proverb highlights the psychological phenomenon that time seems to pass more slowly when we are anxiously waiting for something to happen.

While Franklin popularized the saying, it's likely that the idea existed before his time.

Key takeaway: The proverb serves as a reminder that impatience doesn't speed things up and can actually make the wait feel longer.

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    "Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet." - Jean-Jacques Rousseau
    "Patience is a virtue; virtue is a grace." - Jacob Rees-Mogg
    "To lose patience is to lose the battle." - Mahatma Gandhi
    "Patience is the companion of wisdom." - Saint Augustine
    "Our patience will achieve more than our force." - Edmund Burke
    "The two most powerful warriors are patience and time." - Leo Tolstoy
    "He that can have patience can have what he will." - Benjamin Franklin
    "Patience is the art of hoping." - Luc de Clapiers
    "Adopt the pace of nature: her secret is patience." - Ralph Waldo Emerson
    "Endurance is nobler than strength, and patience than beauty." - John Ruskin

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The word "wait" has its roots in the Germanic languages.

  • Origin: It comes from the Old French word "waitier," which meant "to watch with hostile intent."
  • Connection: This connection suggests that originally, "waiting" involved a degree of vigilance and attentiveness, perhaps while guarding something or someone.

Over time, the meaning of "wait" evolved to encompass the more general sense of staying in expectation of something.

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14-day pickles refer to a specific method of pickling cucumbers that involves a two-stage process:

    Brining: Cucumbers are submerged in a salt brine for the first 7 days. This stage helps to draw out moisture and firm up the cucumbers.   

    Sweetening: After brining, the cucumbers are transferred to a sweet vinegar solution for the remaining 7 days. This stage infuses the pickles with a sweet and tangy flavor.

Key Characteristics:

    Crisp Texture: 14-day pickles are known for their exceptionally crisp texture.
    Sweet and Tangy Flavor: The combination of brining and sweetening creates a balanced flavor profile that is both sweet and tangy.
    Versatility: They can be enjoyed on their own, used in sandwiches and salads, or added to relish trays.

Making 14-day Pickles:

While the exact recipes can vary, the basic process involves:

    Preparing the Cucumbers: Washing and preparing the cucumbers (often slicing or cutting them into spears).   

Brining: Submerging the cucumbers in a salt brine solution for 7 days.  

    Sweetening: Transferring the cucumbers to a sweet vinegar solution for the remaining 7 days.

Note: 14-day pickles are a type of quick pickle, meaning they don't require long-term fermentation. 

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Here's a list of gestation periods for some common animals:

  • Cat: 63-65 days
  • Dog: 58-65 days
  • Horse: 335-345 days
  • Cow: 283 days
  • Pig: 112-115 days
  • Sheep: 147-150 days
  • Goat: 145-150 days
  • Rabbit: 28-32 days
  • Elephant: 640-660 days (African), 624-647 days (Asian)
  • Giraffe: 385-460 days
  • Human: 266 days (approximately 9 months)

Note: These are average ranges, and there can be some variation within species.

Gestation periods are generally longer for larger animals.

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Fruit flies don't have a gestation period in the same way mammals do. Here's a breakdown of their life cycle:

    Egg: Fruit fly eggs hatch within 12-24 hours.
    Larva: The larvae (maggots) feed and grow for about 4-5 days.   

Pupa: The larvae then enter a pupal stage, forming a hard casing around themselves, lasting for another 4-5 days.
Adult: The adult fruit fly emerges from the pupa.  

So, from egg to adult, the entire process takes about 8-10 days under ideal conditions.

This rapid life cycle is why fruit fly infestations can become a problem so quickly!
 
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This extreme cold occurred in the winter of 1935 at the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Company 2598 in Pocahontas County,

 

 


The lowest temperature recorded was 30 degrees below zero. This extreme cold occurred in the winter of 1935 at the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Company 2598 in Pocahontas County, West Virginia. The temperature returned to zero several times throughout the day.

The will of Thomas Edgar, dated July 2, 1822

 


The will of Thomas Edgar, dated July 2, 1822, and recorded in Greenbrier County, West Virginia, provides a glimpse into the life and possessions of a man living in the early 19th century. The will, which begins "In the name of God Amen," reveals several key details about Edgar and his family:

  • Family: The will names Edgar's wife, Ann, and several children: Nancy, Lucy, Elizabeth, and Archer. He also mentions a granddaughter, Eliza Walkup.

  • Property: Edgar owned a variety of property, including at least one horse, two cows, and other livestock. He also possessed household goods, kitchen furniture, and a "looking glass & dressing table." The will also reveals that Edgar owned enslaved people and provides instructions for their sale. He stipulated that his “negro girl Lucy” be sold, with proceeds going to his daughter, Nancy. He also directed the sale of a 20-year-old “negro man Bob” and a “negro Girl Matilda.”

  • Enslaved Man's Service: Edgar acknowledged the service of one enslaved man, stating: “My negro man Cesar having been a very useful servant to me and very Pleasant & obedient to my Family—I do hereby direct that at the Expiration of four years from the time of my death that he shall be hired out by my Executors & the hires paid to my wife & my son Archer.”

  • Distribution of Estate: Edgar directed that one-third of his property go to his wife. His granddaughter, Eliza Walkup, was to receive twelve hundred dollars to be used for her education. The remainder of his estate was to be divided among his children, with his son, Archer, receiving a slightly larger share than his other sons.

  • Executors: Edgar appointed his sons, James and Archer, as executors of his will.

The will of Thomas Edgar, a document steeped in the realities of its time, offers a poignant window into the complexities of family, property, and the enduring legacy of slavery in the early American republic.

AN Imaginary Story

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