- PREFIXES & SUFFIXES | English Lesson by Kevin Spaans
- Prefixes and Suffixes | English Language Learning Tips | Cambridge English by English with Cambridge
- Prefixes, root words, suffixes by Brenda K
- Latin and Greek roots and affixes | Reading | Khan Academy by Khan Academy
Make a Pocahontas County High School lesson plan for teaching students about the use of prefixes.
Lesson Plan: Prefixes
Subject: English Language Arts
Grade Level: 9-12
Learning Objectives:
- Students will identify prefixes in words and explain their meanings.
- Students will use prefixes to create new words.
- Students will understand how prefixes can change the meaning of a word.
Materials:
- Whiteboard or projector
- Markers or pens
- Handouts with prefix examples
- Index cards
Procedure:
- Warm-up (5 minutes):
-
Write the following words on the board:
- pre-, un-, re-, dis-, mis-, in-, im-, non-
-
Ask students to identify the prefixes in the words.
-
Discuss the meaning of each prefix.
- Introduction (10 minutes):
- Explain that prefixes are word parts that are added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning.
- Provide examples of words with prefixes, such as unpredictable, untie, rewrite, disapprove, misspell, include, impossible, and nonconformist.
- Discuss how prefixes can be used to create new words and change the meaning of existing words.
- For instance, prefix "dis" can change the meaning of word "appear" to its opposite "disappear". Similarly, prefix "re" can change the meaning of word "tie" to its reverse "retie".
- Emphasize that prefixes can be an important tool for understanding and using vocabulary.
- Activity 1: Prefix Identification (15 minutes):
- Distribute handouts with prefix examples.
- Ask students to identify the prefixes in the words on the handouts.
- Have students explain the meaning of each prefix and how it changes the meaning of the word.
- Review the answers as a class.
- Activity 2: Prefix Creation (15 minutes):
- Divide students into pairs or small groups.
- Provide each group with a set of index cards.
- Ask students to write a prefix on one side of each index card and a word on the other side of the card.
- Have students combine the prefixes and words to create new words.
- Encourage students to be creative and use a variety of prefixes.
- Have students share their new words with the class.
- Closure (5 minutes):
- Review the key concepts of the lesson.
- Ask students to share what they learned about prefixes.
- Encourage students to continue using prefixes in their writing and speaking.
Assessment:
- Observe students' participation in class discussions and activities.
- Collect and review students' handouts and index cards.
- Assign a short writing assignment in which students use prefixes to create new words and explain their meanings.
Differentiation:
- For students who need more support, provide additional examples of prefixes and words with prefixes.
- For students who are ready for more challenge, ask them to identify and explain the meanings of prefixes in more complex words.
Extension Activities:
- Have students create a prefix dictionary.
- Have students play a prefix game, such as prefix bingo or prefix charades.
- Have students research the etymology of words to identify prefixes and their origins.
Prefix Meaning Examples a- without, non- amoral, asexual, atypical ante- before antecedent, antebellum, antechamber anti- against, opposite anti-war, anti-establishment, anti-freeze auto- self autobiography, autocorrect, autopilot bi- two bicycle, bilingual, bipartisan circum- around circumvent, circumnavigate, circumference de- down, away, reverse deconstruct, deactivate, dehydrate dis- opposite of, not disagree, disapprove, disband en- in, make, put encode, embrace, endow ex- out of, former exhale, ex-husband, excommunicate hemi- half hemisphere, hemicycle, hemistich hyper- over, above hyperactive, hyperventilate, hypertension hypo- under, below hypoallergenic, hypothermia, hypotenuse il- not illegal, immoral, illiterate im- not impossible, irregular, immature in- in, into, not include, infuse, inactive inter- between international, interact, interracial mis- wrongly, badly misinterpret, misspell, mispronounce non- not nonconformist, nonsense, nonprofit over- too much, excessive overeat, overwork, oversleep post- after postpone, postgraduate, postscript pre- before preview, premarital, prefrontal pro- forward, for promote, progress, pro-life re- again, back rewrite, reenter, rethink retro- backward, back retrospect, retrospection, retrovirus semi- half semicircle, semiannual, semipermeable sub- under, below submarine, subway, subcontinent super- above, over superman, superhuman, supersonic trans- across, beyond transport, translate, transatlantic un- not, opposite of unhappy, unable, untie under- below, not enough undercooked, underestimate, underhanded Lecture
The use of prefixes dates back to the earliest stages of language development. In many languages, prefixes were originally used to indicate grammatical functions, such as tense or negation. However, over time, prefixes began to be used more widely to change the meaning of words.
Ancient Languages
The use of prefixes is particularly well-documented in ancient languages such as Latin and Greek. In Latin, for example, the prefix "re-" was used to indicate repetition, while the prefix "in-" was used to indicate negation. In Greek, the prefix "a-" was used to indicate without or not, while the prefix "eu-" was used to indicate good or well.
English Language
English has borrowed many prefixes from Latin and Greek, and these prefixes continue to be used to form new words in the language today. For example, the prefix "un-" can be added to many words to negate their meaning, such as "happy" to "unhappy" or "possible" to "impossible." The prefix "pre-" can be added to words to mean before, such as "pay" to "prepay" or "historic" to "prehistoric."
Modern Languages
Prefixes are also used in many other modern languages, including French, Spanish, German, and Russian. In some languages, prefixes are even more common than suffixes. For example, in Russian, there are over 200 prefixes, while there are only about 100 suffixes.
Prefixes and Vocabulary Development
Prefixes are an important tool for vocabulary development. By learning the meaning of prefixes, students can learn the meaning of many new words. Additionally, prefixes can help students to understand the relationships between words.
Examples of Prefixes and Their Meanings
- a- (without or not)
- anti- (against)
- co- (with or together)
- de- (down or from)
- dis- (not or the opposite of)
- ex- (out of or without)
- in- (not or the opposite of)
- mis- (wrongly or badly)
- pre- (before)
- re- (again or back)
- sub- (under or below)
- super- (above or over)
- trans- (across or beyond)
- un- (not or the opposite of)
Conclusion
Prefixes are a valuable tool for language learners. By understanding the meaning of prefixes, students can expand their vocabulary and improve their comprehension of written and spoken language.
Post Test One
Sure, here is a 20 multiple choice question test for the prefixes you provided:
1. Which prefix means "without" or "non-"?
(a) in- (b) im- (c) a- (d) en-
2. Which prefix means "before"?
(a) ante- (b) ex- (c) re- (d) post-
3. Which prefix means "against" or "opposite"?
(a) pro- (b) anti- (c) dis- (d) il-
4. Which prefix means "self"?
(a) auto- (b) hemi- (c) hyper- (d) hypo-
5. Which prefix means "two"?
(a) bi- (b) semi- (c) inter- (d) trans-
6. Which prefix means "around"?
(a) circum- (b) de- (c) en- (d) sub-
7. Which prefix means "down," "away," or "reverse"?
(a) a- (b) ante- (c) de- (d) bi-
8. Which prefix means "opposite of" or "not"?
(a) dis- (b) mis- (c) il- (d) im-
9. Which prefix means "in," "make," or "put"?
(a) en- (b) ex- (c) hypo- (d) in-
10. Which prefix means "out of" or "former"?
(a) semi- (b) sub- (c) ex- (d) pro-
11. Which prefix means "half"?
(a) hemi- (b) hyper- (c) non- (d) over-
12. Which prefix means "over" or "above"?
(a) retro- (b) post- (c) pre- (d) hyper-
13. Which prefix means "under" or "below"?
(a) il- (b) in- (c) hypo- (d) inter-
14. Which prefix means "not"?
(a) mis- (b) non- (c) un- (d) under-
15. Which prefix means "too much" or "excessive"?
(a) post- (b) pre- (c) pro- (d) over-
16. Which prefix means "after"?
(a) retro- (b) post- (c) pre- (d) pro-
17. Which prefix means "before"?
(a) pre- (b) retro- (c) semi- (d) sub-
18. Which prefix means "forward" or "for"?
(a) super- (b) trans- (c) un- (d) pro-
19. Which prefix means "again" or "back"?
(a) ante- (b) anti- (c) re- (d) hyper-
20. Which prefix means "backward" or "back"?
(a) inter- (b) mis- (c) non- (d) retro-
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