From the Annals of the Salt Shaker Press
The Dilleys of Pocahontas: A Genealogical and Historical Account of Thomas Dilley, Confederate Soldier
Section I: Untangling the Threads: Identifying Thomas Dilley of Pocahontas
Introduction: The Challenge of a Common Name
The historical record concerning individuals named Thomas Dilley in connection with Pocahontas County, West Virginia, presents a genealogical challenge common to many family histories: the recurrence of a shared name across generations and geographic branches. This repetition, often a tribute to a respected ancestor, can create a complex web of identities that requires careful analysis to untangle. An investigation into "Thomas Dilley of Pocahontas" reveals not one, but several individuals, each with a distinct story. They range from a 19th-century Confederate soldier who is the central figure of this report, to a 20th-century academic, to a genealogist whose work proved essential in preserving the family’s history. To construct an accurate and nuanced narrative, it is imperative to first disambiguate these individuals, establishing a clear identity for each before proceeding with an in-depth examination of the most historically significant figure.
The Primary Subject: Thomas Dilley (c. 1826–1865)
The principal focus of this report is Thomas Dilley, born circa 1826 in what was then Pocahontas County, Virginia.1 He was a son of Henry Dilley and Margaret Sharp, two of the region's pioneer settlers.2 Historical accounts place his residence on Cummings Creek, where he lived with his wife, Peachy VanReenan.4 His life was defined by the epochal event of his time; he served as a Confederate soldier during the American Civil War and died in 1865, the final year of the conflict.1 His story offers a compelling window into the life of a second-generation pioneer, the socio-political turmoil of a border state during the war, and the intricate connections between founding families and new immigrants in Appalachian Virginia.
Other Individuals Named Thomas Dilley
To provide clarity and prevent confusion, it is necessary to identify the other men named Thomas Dilley who appear in the research.
Thomas Edward Dilley (1959–2023): A modern descendant with a notable life story, Thomas Edward Dilley was a professor in the Environmental Science Program at Southwest Minnesota State University for nearly 24 years. Born on December 25, 1959, his early life was shaped by his father's career in the U.S. Air Force, leading to a childhood spent in Turkey, Texas, and eventually Alaska. He earned a Bachelor of Science and a Master's degree in Geology from the University of Alaska Fairbanks, and a PhD in Geology from the University of Arizona. His academic work focused on stratigraphy, using volcanic ash to date archeological sites. He was a passionate outdoorsman, fisherman, and teacher. He married Nancy Brown, and they had one son, Sean. Thomas Edward Dilley passed away on November 15, 2023, in Minneota, Minnesota. His parents were John and Thea (Petermueller) Dilley.6
Gerald Thomas Dilley (b. 1941): A census record from 1940 notes the birth of Gerald Thomas Dilley on August 28, 1941, in Clawson, Pocahontas County, West Virginia.7 His existence confirms a continued Dilley family presence in the county well into the mid-20th century.
Thomas Ray Dille (d. 1939): This individual is of paramount importance not as a subject, but as a foundational source for this report. A lawyer, historian, and genealogist from Morgantown, West Virginia, Thomas Ray Dille dedicated years between 1920 and his death in 1939 to compiling records of the Dilley family and other regional clans.8 His work was a direct response to the poor state of official vital records from the 19th century, a time when such documents were often incomplete or carelessly maintained.10 He collected information from letters, family Bibles, and oral histories, preserving knowledge that would otherwise have been lost. His extensive papers are now held by the West Virginia and Regional History Center at West Virginia University and represent an invaluable, and in some cases primary, source for family traditions and unrecorded facts.10
Tom Dilley Morrison (1931–?): A Find a Grave memorial lists a Tom Dilley Morrison, born January 16, 1931, who is buried in Pocahontas County.13 His middle name suggests a maternal connection to the Dilley family, a common naming convention used to preserve a mother's or grandmother's maiden name.
Other Historical Mentions: Genealogical databases contain references to other men named Thomas Dilley, though their direct connection to the Pocahontas County line is less clear. These include a Thomas A. Dilley (1863-1916) born in Oregon, indicating the westward migration of some family branches 14; a Thomas Dilley born in 1807 mentioned in a broad family history 11; and a child, Thomas Dilley (1859-1884), whose parentage could not be definitively placed within the main family tree by earlier researchers, highlighting the existence of less-documented branches.10
The recurrence of the name Thomas is a testament to family traditions, but it underscores the necessity of using contextual information—such as dates, locations, and spousal names—to ensure accurate genealogical identification. The work of early family historians like Thomas Ray Dille was born out of this very challenge, as they sought to create a coherent record where official documentation fell short. His collection, therefore, is not merely a secondary compilation but a primary archive of oral histories and family records that are now otherwise inaccessible.
Table 1: Disambiguation of Individuals Named Thomas Dilley
Section II: A Pioneer Lineage: The Dilley Family in Antebellum Pocahontas County
The Patriarch: Henry Dilley (c. 1771–1846)
The story of Thomas Dilley begins with his father, Henry, a patriarch of one of Pocahontas County's founding families. Henry Dilley was born in 1771 in Bath County, Virginia, a son of Johannes Dilly and Anna Maria Hare.3 He was part of the great wave of settlement into the Appalachian Mountains, a movement largely composed of families of German and Scotch-Irish descent who pushed westward from the more established parts of Virginia and Maryland.15 Family traditions, recorded by later genealogists, suggest the Dilleys may have originated in Maryland and were possibly of French Huguenot or German ancestry, with Henry's brother Martin claiming German descent.9
On October 22, 1810, in Pocahontas County, Henry Dilley married Margaret Sharp, the daughter of a neighboring pioneer family.3 This union was prolific, producing at least twelve children—eight sons and four daughters—and establishing the Dilleys as a prominent and extensive clan in the region.3
Henry was not merely a farmer; he was an essential contributor to the local economy. Shortly after his marriage, he established a homestead on Thorny Creek and constructed "Dilley's Mill".9 In a frontier community where processing grain was a necessity for survival, a gristmill was a vital piece of public infrastructure. That his mill was remembered as "one of the best of its kind in that day" indicates Henry's skill and his central role in the settlement's development. His legacy is physically imprinted on the land; the original Henry Dilley estate and mill are now part of the Buckskin Scout Reservation, and a cemetery on the property is the final resting place for Henry and many of his descendants, a lasting monument to their pioneer efforts.9
The Matriarch: Margaret Sharp (1777–1858)
Henry's marriage to Margaret Sharp (born 1777) represented a strategic alliance between two of the area's foundational families.1 The Sharps were themselves a significant pioneer clan. Margaret's father, William Sharp, Sr., was a respected figure who settled near what would become Huntersville around 1773 and served as a scout and soldier during the period of conflict with Native American tribes and the British.17 The union of Henry Dilley and Margaret Sharp intertwined the fortunes of these two key families, a common practice on the frontier to consolidate land, resources, and social standing.
The Children of Henry and Margaret Dilley
Thomas Dilley grew up as part of a large and industrious family. His siblings, like his parents, contributed to the growth of the community and further expanded the family's network through their own marriages. The sons of Henry Dilley were not just farmers but skilled craftsmen who provided essential services. His son William became the village blacksmith in Huntersville, an occupation in which he showed "superior skill," and was also an excellent carpenter; another son, John, was known as a "skillful mechanic".9 This pattern demonstrates a family trait of providing the technical and industrial backbone for the burgeoning settlement, elevating their status from mere landowners to indispensable community builders.
The family's marriage patterns further reveal a deliberate strategy of social consolidation. Just as Henry married a Sharp, his son Ralph married Mary Jane Moore, and his son Joseph married Mary Ann Friel.4 The names Dilley, Sharp, Moore, and Friel are all listed among the "lion's share" of founding families in William Price's historical account of the county.15 These unions were not incidental; they were alliances that created a cohesive local elite, weaving together the primary pioneer clans and solidifying their collective influence over the social and economic landscape of antebellum Pocahontas County.
Table 2: The Family of Henry Dilley and Margaret Sharp
Note: This table synthesizes data from multiple genealogical sources. The complete list of twelve children mentioned in some accounts is not fully detailed in the available research.
Section III: Life and Family on Cummings Creek
Marriage to Peachy VanReenan
In the years before the Civil War, Thomas Dilley established his own household. Multiple historical and genealogical accounts confirm that he married a woman named Peachy VanReenan.2 She is consistently described as a "native of Holland," a detail that sets her apart from the predominantly Scotch-Irish and German families who had settled the region in earlier generations.4 A formal marriage record from the period has not been located in online databases, a common difficulty for researchers of this era, as official vital records were often kept sporadically, if at all.11 The absence of such a document makes secondary sources like historical sketches and compiled genealogies all the more critical, despite their potential for error.
Residence on Cummings Creek
Thomas and Peachy made their home on Cummings Creek, a stream located in Pocahontas County that was named for another local family.4 Historical maps place the creek in the vicinity of the county seat of Marlinton.20 Their life there represents a microcosm of the second-generation pioneer experience. While Thomas's father, Henry, was an initial settler who established a core homestead and mill, Thomas was part of the subsequent expansion. Like his brothers Ralph and Joseph, who settled on lands acquired through marriage, Thomas moved into a less-developed area to "settle in the woods" and carve out a new farm from the wilderness.4 This process reflects the natural growth of the pioneer population, as family lands were subdivided and the boundaries of the settlement were pushed further into the dense forests of the Appalachian highlands. By the 1850s, the Dilleys were no longer a single household but a branching clan, actively transforming the landscape of Pocahontas County.
The VanReenan Connection and the Dutch Settlement
The story of Peachy VanReenan's family adds a unique and poignant chapter to the Dilley history. She was not an isolated immigrant but was connected to a specific, and ultimately ill-fated, colonization effort. William Price's Historical Sketches of Pocahontas County provides a crucial narrative, describing a "band of Holland emigrants" who were persuaded by a Reverend John Schemerhorn of New York to establish a colony on Laurel Run in 1842.23 The account explicitly names the VanReenan and Stulting families as members of this group. The
West Virginia Encyclopedia corroborates this, noting the arrival of a group of Dutch immigrants in 1847, whose descendants include the famed author Pearl S. Buck.24
The colony, however, did not last. The rugged highlands of Pocahontas County proved "not congenial to persons from a populous Holland city in the Netherlands," and after enduring "grievous privations," the settlement disbanded.23 Some families moved west, while others, like the VanReenans, remained in Pocahontas. This background of hardship and cultural dislocation provides a rich context for Peachy's life. Her marriage to Thomas Dilley, a member of an established and prosperous pioneer family, is socially significant. It represents the assimilation of this new, culturally distinct immigrant group into the existing social fabric of the county. The union was a social bridge, suggesting that despite the failure of the formal Dutch colony, the families who chose to stay were integrated into the community through intermarriage. This challenges a simplistic view of a homogenous pioneer society and reveals a more complex and dynamic process of cultural mixing on the American frontier.
Section IV: A County Divided: Thomas Dilley's Service in the Civil War
Pocahontas County in the Civil War
When the Civil War erupted, Pocahontas County was a community of divided loyalties, though official sentiment was overwhelmingly pro-Confederate. The county voted to secede from the Union by a decisive margin of 360 to 13 and contributed nearly 700 men to the Confederate army.24 The war was not a distant conflict but an immediate and brutal reality. Pocahontas County's location on the strategic border between Virginia and the newly forming state of West Virginia made it a contested territory. It was the site of several significant military engagements, including the battles of Cheat Mountain and Camp Allegheny in 1861 and the major Battle of Droop Mountain in 1863.25 For the Dilley family, the war was fought on their very doorstep.
The conflict created deep fissures within the community and even within families. While Thomas Dilley served the Confederacy, local records list a "Clark Dilley" as a Union soldier from Pocahontas County.28 This starkly illustrates the "brother against brother" nature of the war in the border states. The Dilley clan itself was split by the conflict, reflecting the larger schism that tore Virginia apart and created West Virginia. This personalizes the political struggle, moving it from the level of county statistics to the intimate sphere of a single family, and suggests that post-war relations would have been fraught with complexity and strain.
Identifying Thomas Dilley's Regiment
Thomas Dilley is consistently identified in historical accounts as a Confederate soldier.4 While no source directly names his specific unit, the recruitment patterns of Confederate cavalry regiments point to two highly probable candidates:
19th Virginia Cavalry: This regiment is a strong possibility as it was known to have a specific company, Company F, the "Pocahontas Cavalry," recruited directly from Pocahontas County.29 The 19th was formed in April 1863, with its nucleus being the 3rd Regiment Virginia State Line, a group of semi-organized militia that included the infamous "Moccasin Rangers".29 These units had engaged in irregular, guerrilla-style warfare in the mountains since the beginning of the war. The 19th Cavalry served in the brigade of General William L. "Mudwall" Jackson and saw extensive action in western Virginia and the Shenandoah Valley.29
14th Virginia Cavalry: This regiment also drew recruits from Pocahontas County and was attached to the brigades of Generals Albert Jenkins and John McCausland.33 It fought at the Battle of Droop Mountain in Pocahontas County and was heavily involved in the Shenandoah Valley Campaigns.27
Given that the 19th Virginia Cavalry was formed from earlier, irregular units like the Moccasin Rangers, it is plausible that Thomas Dilley’s military service began with local defense and "bushwhacking" activities before his formal enlistment. This would mean his experience of war was deeply personal and localized from the outset, centered on defending his own community from Union incursions before being integrated into the more formal command structure of the Confederate army. A definitive identification of his unit awaits examination of the original muster rolls held at the National Archives and the Library of Virginia.
Reconstructing His Service
Regardless of his specific regiment, Thomas Dilley's service from 1863 to 1865 would have placed him in the midst of some of the most grueling campaigns in the Virginia theater. Both the 14th and 19th Cavalry were tasked with defending the vulnerable western portions of Virginia and the agriculturally vital Shenandoah Valley.
Table 3: Key Engagements of Confederate Cavalry in the Western Virginia and Shenandoah Valley Theaters, 1863–1865
This timeline provides a concrete itinerary of the hardship and combat Thomas Dilley almost certainly endured. His life as a soldier would have been one of constant movement, skirmishing, and participation in major, decisive battles that shaped the outcome of the war in Virginia.
Death in 1865
Genealogical records consistently place Thomas Dilley's death in 1865.1 Occurring in the war's final, desperate year, his death was almost certainly a direct consequence of his military service, whether from wounds sustained in the final campaigns, from disease rampant in the camps, or as a prisoner of war. No specific details of his death are present in the available research, but its timing speaks to the ultimate sacrifice he made for the Confederate cause.
Section V: An Immigrant Story: The Allied VanReenan Lineage
The VanReenan Identity Crisis: "Peachy" vs. Primary Records
The identity of Thomas Dilley's wife presents a fascinating genealogical puzzle. In numerous secondary sources, from William Price's 1901 history to modern online databases, she is consistently named Peachy VanReenan.2 However, this name is conspicuously absent from the primary records available for the VanReenan family in Pocahontas County, such as census lists and Find a Grave memorials that document the family of the known Dutch immigrant, Cornelius Bernardus VanReenen.38 This discrepancy is the central problem in defining her identity.
The story of the VanReenan family is a compelling case study in the "chain of errors" that can propagate through genealogical research. It is highly probable that William T. Price, when compiling his Sketches in the late 19th century, recorded the name "Peachy" as he heard it from oral family sources—a common and familiar nickname.23 Subsequent genealogists, lacking contradictory primary records and respecting Price's foundational work, copied this name verbatim. Over the course of a century, "Peachy VanReenan" became an established fact in the genealogical literature, despite the lack of a primary document to support it. This serves as a powerful reminder of the need to critically evaluate all sources and, whenever possible, locate the original record.
The Prime Candidate: Petronella (Van Reenen) Dilley
A crucial clue that helps solve this puzzle appears in a single, well-sourced entry on the genealogical website WikiTree. The profile for Cornelius Bernardus Van Reenen (the documented immigrant) lists among his siblings a half-sister named Petronella (Van Reenen) Dilley.40 This is the breakthrough that connects the woman Thomas Dilley married to the documented VanReenan family. It is highly likely that "Peachy" was a common or familial nickname for the more formal Dutch name "Petronella." This single data point resolves the long-standing discrepancy, bridging the gap between the narrative accounts and the primary records.
The VanReenan Family in Pocahontas County
By identifying "Peachy" as Petronella, we can place her firmly within the context of her immigrant family. Her probable half-brother, Cornelius Bernardus VanReenen (1832-1917), was born in the Netherlands and is buried in the Cochran Cemetery in Onoto, Pocahontas County.39 He appears in the 1850 U.S. Census living in the household of William Ewing.40 By 1860, he had married Martha Duncan and was establishing his own family.41 The 1870 census lists him as the head of a household that included his wife Martha and several young children.40
The VanReenan family successfully integrated into the local community. Cornelius's children married into other established Pocahontas families, including the Gelfords, McCoys, and McNeills.38 This pattern of intermarriage demonstrates a continued bond between the two clans that persisted for generations. The original union of Thomas and Petronella "Peachy" was not an isolated event but the beginning of a lasting social connection. This is further evidenced by the fact that one of Cornelius's granddaughters, Georgia Jane VanReenen (1914–2007), also married a Dilley, showing that the families remained in close geographic and social proximity well into the 20th century.39 This lasting kinship network is a common feature of stable, rural communities like those in Pocahontas County.
Section VI: Legacy and Avenues for Future Research
Summary of Findings
This investigation has successfully disambiguated the various individuals named Thomas Dilley associated with Pocahontas County, West Virginia, and has constructed a detailed historical and genealogical narrative for the primary subject: Thomas Dilley (c. 1826–1865). He was a son of the pioneer Henry Dilley and Margaret Sharp, part of a large and influential founding family. He established a home on Cummings Creek with his wife, Petronella "Peachy" VanReenan, a member of a Dutch immigrant community that settled in the county in the 1840s. A Confederate soldier, Thomas Dilley served during the Civil War, likely in either the 14th or 19th Virginia Cavalry, and died in 1865. His life story encapsulates the pioneer experience, the turmoil of a nation divided, and the complex social fabric of 19th-century Appalachia.
Critical Source Evaluation
The reconstruction of this history relies on a combination of sources, each with its own strengths and limitations.
William T. Price's Historical Sketches of Pocahontas County (1901): This text is an invaluable resource, providing rich narrative detail and genealogical information unavailable elsewhere.4 However, as it was compiled over a century ago and relied heavily on the oral histories of aged residents, it is susceptible to errors, such as the likely use of the nickname "Peachy" instead of the formal "Petronella." Its claims must be corroborated with primary documents whenever possible.
The Dilley Project and Online Genealogies: Websites like The Dilley Project, WeRelate, and WikiTree are excellent finding aids and repositories of compiled information.2 They synthesize data from many sources and can provide crucial clues, such as the "Petronella" connection.40 However, they are secondary sources and should be treated as a starting point for research, with every claim ideally verified against original records.
Avenues for Future Research: A Step-by-Step Guide
To build upon this report and resolve remaining questions, the following targeted research plan is recommended.
Objective 1: Locate Primary Vital Records
Action: Contact the Pocahontas County Clerk in Marlinton, WV (900 Tenth Avenue, Marlinton, WV 24954; Phone: 304-799-4604) and the West Virginia Vital Registration Office in Charleston.46
Request: A search for a marriage record for Thomas Dilley and Petronella (or Peachy) VanReenan, circa 1845-1860. Also, request a search for a death record for Thomas Dilley in 1865. It is important to acknowledge that records from this period are known to be incomplete.11
Objective 2: Obtain Military and Pension Records
Action: Search the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) online or via a research request for the Compiled Military Service Record (CMSR) of Thomas Dilley.
Request: The search should focus on the 19th Virginia Cavalry (specifically Company F, the "Pocahontas Cavalry") and the 14th Virginia Cavalry. A positive result would confirm his unit and provide details on his enlistment, presence on muster rolls, and potential capture or death.
Action: If a CMSR is found, conduct a follow-up search in the West Virginia state archives for a potential Confederate pension application filed by his widow, under the names Petronella, Peachy, or even P. Dilley.
Objective 3: Explore Land and Probate Records
Action: Contact the Pocahontas County Clerk 47 to search the county's deed books for land transactions under the names Henry Dilley and Thomas Dilley. This could precisely locate their properties on Thorny Creek and Cummings Creek.
Action: Request a search of the county's probate records for the will of Henry Dilley (d. 1846) and any estate administration file for Thomas Dilley (d. 1865). Henry's will is of particular importance as it should provide a primary-source list of his heirs, including Thomas, thereby definitively confirming the family structure.3
Objective 4: The Premier Resource - The Thomas Ray Dille Papers
Action: This is the most critical step for uncovering unique family information. Contact the West Virginia and Regional History Center (WVRHC) at West Virginia University Libraries (1549 University Avenue, Morgantown, WV 26506; Phone: 304-293-3536).12
Request: Ask an archivist for assistance with the Thomas Ray Dille Papers, Collection A&M 0357. The finding aid confirms this collection contains extensive genealogical material on the Dille/Dilley family.12
Inquiry: Specifically inquire about any correspondence, family group sheets, interview notes, or Bible records pertaining to the Henry Dilley family of Pocahontas County, Thomas Dilley the Confederate soldier, and the VanReenan family. Since Thomas Ray Dille compiled his work from letters and family sources, this collection may hold firsthand accounts and details that exist nowhere else.8
Objective 5: Local Historical Society Engagement
Action: Contact the Pocahontas County Historical Society in Marlinton, WV (17890 Seneca Trail, Marlinton, WV 24954; Phone: 304-799-6659).48
Inquiry: The society maintains a museum and archives with artifacts, photographs, and extensive genealogical files, including surname folders and obituary collections.50 They are the most likely repository for unpublished local information, photographs, or family histories related to the Dilley and VanReenan families.
Concluding Thoughts
The story of Thomas Dilley of Pocahontas is more than a collection of names and dates; it is a narrative deeply embedded in the American experience. His life reflects the ambitions and hardships of pioneer settlement, the profound divisions of the Civil War in a border state, and the quiet integration of immigrant families into the Appalachian cultural landscape. While many details have been uncovered, the avenues for future research outlined above promise to yield an even richer and more complete understanding of his life and times.
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