Salt Shaker Press: Outline of the history of Israel, divided into key periods:

Ancient Israel

Canaanite Period (Before 1000 BCE): The Land of Israel, also known as Canaan, was populated by various Canaanite tribes. Archaeological evidence also suggests the early presence of a people known as the Israelites within the region.
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United Monarchy (1000 – 930 BCE): Kings Saul, David, and Solomon ruled a united Israelite kingdom. Jerusalem was established as the capital, and the First Temple was built by Solomon.
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Divided Kingdoms (930 - 722 BCE): The kingdom split into two: The Kingdom of Israel in the north and the Kingdom of Judah in the south. The Kingdom of Israel was conquered by the Assyrians in 722 BCE.
Babylonian Exile (586 - 539 BCE): The Kingdom of Judah was conquered by the Babylonians, the First Temple was destroyed, and many Jews were exiled to Babylon.
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**Persian Period and Second Temple (539 BCE - 332 BCE): ** The Persian Empire under Cyrus the Great conquered Babylon and allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem. The Second Temple was rebuilt.
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Hellenistic and Roman Rule

**Hellenistic Period (332 - 63 BCE): ** Alexander the Great conquered the region, leading to the spread of Greek culture (Hellenization). The Maccabean Revolt secured Jewish independence for a brief period.
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Roman Rule (63 BCE - 324 CE): The Romans conquered the region. During this period, significant events included the birth of Jesus of Nazareth, the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE by the Romans, and the eventual rise of Christianity.

Diaspora and Longing for Zion

Byzantine Period (324 - 638 CE): Christianity became the dominant religion and Jews were often persecuted. Yet, Jewish communities and scholarship persisted in the region.
Muslim Conquest and Ottoman Rule (638 CE – 1917 CE): The region came under Islamic rule, initially under various Caliphates and later under the Ottoman Empire. Jews were generally tolerated as a minority, but faced periodic hardship and discrimination. Throughout this long period, Jews in the diaspora (outside of the Land of Israel) maintained a strong connection to Jerusalem and the Land of Israel in prayers and traditions.

Rise of Zionism and the British Mandate

Late 19th and Early 20th centuries: The Zionist movement emerged, advocating for the return of Jews to their ancient homeland and the establishment of a Jewish state. Waves of Jewish immigration (aliyah) began.
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World War I and the Balfour Declaration (1917): Britain issued the Balfour Declaration, expressing support for "the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people."
British Mandate (1920 – 1948): Britain was given a mandate over Palestine by the League of Nations. Tensions rose between Jewish and Arab communities, both aspiring for national self-determination.

Establishment of the State of Israel and Subsequent Conflicts

1948 War of Independence: Following the UN Partition Plan in 1947, Israel declared its independence in 1948. This was immediately followed by an invasion by neighboring Arab countries, leading to the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. Israel emerged victorious, but the war resulted in the displacement of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians (known as the Nakba).
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Subsequent Wars and Conflicts: Israel has fought several wars with its Arab neighbors, including the Suez Crisis (1956), the Six-Day War (1967), and the Yom Kippur War (1973). Israel also continues to grapple with the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
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Peace Process: Efforts toward a lasting peace agreement have taken place, such as the Camp David Accords (1978) which led to a peace treaty between Israel and Egypt, and the Oslo Accords (1993), though a final resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict remains elusive.